CAN A CAR ABLE TO RUN BY WATER :GREAT INVENTION OF SCIENCE

WHY WE NEED THIS TECHNOLOGY? 

In mordan age car is one of the most important things for us. We all know that, we need fuels to run car. But there is some problem s 1: these fuels are not endless. 

2:they are costly 

3:most of them are harmful for the nature

SO we need a alternative source of energy. One of them is " the car which can run by only water and aluminum plates" 

This meterials is called Log9. this prototype is designed by the students of the IIT Roorkee. So let's try to know about it.

Car that runs on water! IIT-Roorkee students try to achieve the impossible

The car is still in its initial phases. Tests are being conducted to figure out the car's commercial viability.

The young and bright minds at the Indian Institute of Technology have done it again with their latest innovation. Students at IIT Roorkee have developed a new electric car prototype that runs on water and aluminium, instead of fuel or electricity. Better still, the car will cost almost as much as a standard car. Not only will this have a positive impact on the environment, it will also cut down costs drastically.

The car is powered by water and an aluminium plate. According to a report in The Print, the car can run 1,000 km on a single charge. It requires a litre of water every 300 km. Once the 1,000-km mark is crossed, one would need to change the aluminium plate. But fret not, that process will only take 15 minutes of one's time. As of now, these plates cost Rs 5,000 but are likely to get cheaper in the future as demand goes up. 

The car is still in its initial phases, as mentioned on the news site. Tests are being conducted to figure out the car's commercial viability.

This brainchild comes from a startup called Log9 Materials. They started the project around two years ago and have developed batteries that generate power from water and aluminium. While this has been done globally, with Log9 Materials' project, India too will join that league.

Founder-CEO of Log9 Materials, Akshay Singhal, confirmed to The Print that the startup is in talks with automobile companies and the prototype is ready.

So how will this car work?

The car will give a range of 1,000 kms on a single charge and will require 1 litre of water every 300 kms.

Once you cross the 1,000 km mark, the aluminium plate will need to be replaced.

Costing Rs 5,000, the replacement will not take longer than 15 minutes.battery

The car runs on a simple fuel cell technology that uses electrochemical reaction to produce electricity. There is a graphene rod along the metal plate that generates electricity with water as its base for the chemical reaction.

The electricity thus generated is sent to an electric motor that drives the car.

The IITisans are confident that these batteries will also have a long run.

The founder and CEO of Log9 Materials, Akshay Singhal, also confirmed to The Print that his startup is already negotiating with automobile companies regarding mass production.

Other automotive experts have lauded the idea as well, and in The Print, Tutu Dhawan, an automotive expert and journalist, who happens to be on the board of advisors to the Delhi GOVERNMENT, Said this technology could be the future of motoring.

The Government is very clear on its stance on vehicles using alternative sources of fuel and is optimistic about electric vehicles. And innovations like these will fuel India’s dream to achieve electric mobility.

IT is true that cars and SUVs powered by fuel cells are expensive. The biggest challenge for the IITians will be to keep the car’s production cost in check. Mass production would require the need for proper and durable batteries. And if this is addressed, this innovation could perhaps solve issues faced by electric vehicles today, namely range and charging point.

Well, here’s hoping that the IIT Roorkee innovation gets into production for a cleaner and greener planet!

cars that run on water and aluminium

IIT-Roorkee engineers develop electric car prototype that needs ‘refuelling’ not recharging, say it won’t cost any more than your petrol or diesel vehicle.

The group expects cars using these batteries to run for up to 1,000 km in one go — needing just about one litre of water every 300 km. At the 1,000 km mark, an aluminium plate will need to be replaced in the battery — which the engineers say will take no more than 15 minutes of your time.

Each plate will cost about Rs 5,000, about the same as what it would take to run a petrol or diesel car for 1,000 km. The makers say the cost may reduce further in future.

There is just one question that they don’t want to answer — how the aluminium plates are going to be made available to consumers.

At present, the company is conducting tests before launching its car commercially.

“The car prototype is ready and we are already in talks with some automobile companies,” Akshay Singhal, founder-CEO of Log9 Materials, told ThePrint.

“We are confident that cars using these batteries will be able to have a good run,” Singhal said.

Experts laud idea, but is it affordable?

Automotive experts have lauded the idea, but also cautioned about the affordability of these cars.

Tutu Dhawan, automotive expert and journalist who is also on the board of advisers to the Delhi government, said this technology could be the future of motoring.

“Fuel cell technology is the future for electric vehicles, if it is perfected. A lot of manufacturers are seriously going into this technology and have already started testing it,” Dhawan said.

Automotive engineer Vikram Mishra, however, sounded a note of caution.

“It is a great innovation, and IITs are doing good work in terms of innovation. But I have my doubts on how much this vehicle will be successful,” he said. “Even if they make it viable, they have to be able to make it affordable.”

The Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) report released recently expects electric vehicles to comprise about 7 per cent of sales in India by the year 2030

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The power of future :SOLAR PANELS and Solar energy

WHY WE NEED SOLAR ENERGY AND SOLER PANELS???? 
We all know that the fuels are not endless. Like coal, petroleum etc. They can able to give us electricity. But there are some problem :

1 : these fuels are not endless
2: they are costly and not recyclable
3: they are very harmful for the nature

We can solve this problem by Atomic power but the atomic power stations waste is more dengerous.
SO we need a alternative source of energy. Among of other energies soler energy is best. Because the power of sun
Is endless. 
SO we need soler energy.

Solar panel and their use 

There are two types of solar panels :

 1:Photovoltaic solar panels

    2:SOLAR tharmal panels 

Photovoltaic solar panels: Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity . A photovoltaic (PV) module is a , connected assembly of typically 6x10 photovoltaic solar cells . Photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic array of a  system  that generates and supplies solar electricity  in commercial and residential applications.

photovoltaic

Solar tharmal panels :solar tharmal collector are classified by the United States energy information administration as low-, medium-, or high-temperature collectors. Low-temperature collectors are generally unglazed and used to heat swimming pools or to heat ventilation air. Medium-temperature collectors are also usually flat plates but are used for heating water or air for residential and commercial use. High-temperature collectors concentrate sunlight using mirrors orlenses and are generally used for fulfilling heat requirements up to 300 deg C / 20 bar pressure in industries, and for electric power production. 

How does it  works??? 
Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons ) from the Sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effects .The majority of modules use wafer -based crystalline silicone cells or thin film cells . The structural member of a module can either be the top layer or the back layer. Cells must also be protected from mechanical damage and moisture. Most modules are rigid, but semi-flexible ones based on thin-film cells are also available. The cells must be connected electrically in series, one to another.

A PV junction box is attached to the back of the solar panel and it is its output interface.Externally, most of photovoltaic modules use MC4 connector type to facilitate easy weatherproof connections to the rest of the system. Also, USB power interface can be used.

Module electrical connections are made in series to achieve a desired output voltage or in parallel to provide a desired current capability . The conducting wires that take the current off the modules may contain silver, copper or other non-magnetic conductive transition metals. Bypass diodes may be incorporated or used externally, in case of partial module shading, to maximize the output of module sections still illuminated.

Some special solar PV modules include concentrators ntrators in which light is focused by  mirrors onto smaller cells. This enables the use of cells with a high cost per unit area  in a cost-effective way.

Solar panels also use metal frames consisting of racking components, brackets, reflector shapes, and troughs to better support the panel structure.

Solar panels efficiency :Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions (STC), and typically ranges from 100 to 365 watts (W) . The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the same rated output – an 8% efficient 230 W module will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 W module. There are a few commercially available solar modules that exceed efficiency of 24%

Depending on construction, photovoltaic modules can produce electricity from a range of frequencies of light , but usually cannot cover the entire solar range (specifically, ultraviolet , infrared and low or diffused light). Hence, much of the incident sunlight energy is wasted by solar modules, and they can give far higher efficiencies if illuminated with monochromatic light. Therefore, another design concept is to split the light into six to eight different wavelength ranges that will produce a different color of light, and direct the beams onto different cells tuned to those ranges. This has been projected to be capable of raising efficiency by 50%.Scientists from Spectrolab, a subsidiary of Boeing , have reported development of multi-junction solar cells with an efficiency of more than 40%, a new world record for solar photovoltaic cells.The Spectrolab scientists also predict that concentrator solar cells could achieve efficiencies of more than 45% or even 50% in the future, with theoretical efficiencies being about 58% in cells with more than three junctions.

Efficiencies of solar panel can be calculated by MPP (maximum power point) value of solar panels. 

Technology: Most solar modules are currently produced from crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells  made

of multicysstraline silicone and monocrystaline  silicone . In 2013, crystalline silicon accounted for more than 90 percent of worldwide PV production, while the rest of the overall market is made up of thin film  cadmium terulite,  CIGS and AMORPHOUS silicone.

Solar panels price :On average the total cost of solar installation can be between $15,000 to $29,000 for average sized systems sized between 4kW and 8kW. Sunrun solar lets you get started for as little as $0 down and helps you lower your electric bill.

Solar power in India : Solar power in India. Solar power in India is a fast

developing industry. The country's solar installed capacity reached 25.21 GW as of 31 December 2018. The Indian government had an initial target of 20 GW capacity for 2022, which was achieved four years ahead of schedule.

Future scope: Solar power is essential in a sustainable and fossil free energysystem.At 27%, solar energy systems such as solar farms and concentrating solar power (CSP) plants would become the world's most valuable energy resource, generating more energy than fossil fuels, wind, or

hydroelectric systems, as well as reducing carbon emissions by 6 billion tonnes per year. Due to decreasing costs and low CO2 emissions, volumes ofsolar panels will continue to grow in our core markets and around the world; contributing to an increasing proportion of future electrification.

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NEW ARTIFICIAL LEAF DESIGN

New Artificial Leaf Design Could Absorb Far More CO2

We all know that trees are our best friends. They produce oxygen, foods, fuels and so many other things. 

They provide us oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide in this way they keeps us safe from global warming. But now days we destroyed so many trees its creatures a big problem of global warming. 

We need to take some big action to control global warming so Researchers have designed various “artificial leaves”  this process in the hopes that we could use the devices to fight rising greenhouse gas levels. 

DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEAVES :

1:OXYZEN Producing leaves

2:HYDROGEN producing leaves

3: fuel producing leaves

Lab-Bound Leaves

Plants are nature’s air purifiers. They take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and, through photosynthesis , create oxygen and energy.

Researchers have designed various “artificial leaves”  this process in the hopes that we could use the devices to fight rising greenhouse gas levels. But while some of their design work well in the lab, they haven’t translated to the real world.

Now, a team from the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) think it’s found a way to bring artificial leaves out of the lab and into a natural environment — and their device could play a major role in cleaning up our air.

According to UIC researcher s :

the problem with existing artificial leaves is that they draw pure CO2 from pressurized tanks in the lab, but in the real world, they need to be able to pull C02 from the air around them.

Pure and Simple

The researchers believe an artificial leaf built around their design would be 10 times more efficient at converting CO2 to fuel than natural leaves. They calculate that 360 of their artificial leaves, each 1.7 meters long and 0.2 meters wide, would generate about half a ton of CO daily.

Spread those leaves out over 500 square meters, and they could reduce the CO2 levels in the air within 100 meters of the space by 10 percent in just one day.

“Our conceptual design uses readily available materials and technology,” Singh said, “that when combined can produce an artificial leaf that is ready to be deployed outside the lab where it can play a significant role in reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.”

Moving artificial leaves out of the lab and into the air

Artificial leaves mimic photosynthesis — the process whereby plants use water and carbon dioxide from the air to produce carbohydrates using energy from the sun. But even state-of-the-art artificial leaves, which hold promise in reducing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, only work in the laboratory because they use pure, pressurized carbon dioxide from tanks.

But now, researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago have proposed a design solution that could bring artificial leaves out of the lab and into the environment. Their improved leaf, which would use carbon dioxide — a potent greenhouse gas — from the air, would be at least 10 times more efficient than natural leaves at converting carbon dioxide to fuel.

Unhooking the pressurized carbon dioxide supply from these leaves means that they must have a way to collect and concentrate carbon dioxide from the air to drive their artificial photosynthetic reactions.

EFFICIENCY OF ARTIFICIAL LEAF 

According to their calculations, 360 leaves, each 1.7 meters long and 0.2 meters wide, would produce close to a half-ton of carbon monoxide per day that could be used as the basis for synthetic fuels. Three hundred and sixty of these artificial leaves covering a 500-meter square area would be able to reduce carbon dioxide levels by 10 percent in the surrounding air within 100 meters of the array in one day.

ARTIFICIAL LEAF DESIGN INDIA 

Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, have developed an artificial leaf that successfully achieves artificial photosynthesis. And what’s more, their process claims to be 100 times more efficient than natural photosynthesis.

The artificial leaf can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to generate fuel and release oxygen in the process, simulating the process of photosynthesis.

IISc’s Solid State Structural Chemistry Unit researchers in the study titled ‘The Quantum Leaf for Artificial Photosynthesis’ have designed and prepared CuAlS2/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) composed of biocompatible, earth-abundant elements, which can reduce salts of carbon dioxide under visible light into oxygen.

Quantum dots are artificial atoms. They are so small that it is effectively concentrated into a single zero-dimensional point. They have a well-defined state of energy in accordance with the quantum theory and are generally made of a semi-conductor like silicon.

Her,e quantum dots act as a catalyst to turn aqueous bicarbonate salt into formate and oxygen under the presence of visible light.

This technology is very new. It is still in initial phase. 

Well, here’s hoping that the  innovation gets into production for a cleaner and greener planet! 

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